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Terms: E

Explore 933 linguistic terms, with definitions, examples, and connections to the bigger picture.

933 terms
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Echo Question

An echo question is a question that occurs in the turn after a repairable utterance, and repeats the portion felt by the speaker to need repair.

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Elaboration Relation

An elaboration relation is an interpropositional relation in which a proposition(s) provides detail relating to some aspect of another proposition.

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Elative Case

Elative case is a case expressing motion out of or away from the referent of the noun it marks.

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Elementary Illocutionary Act

An elementary illocutionary act is an illocutionary act that: does not have a negated illocutionary force is not performed conditionally is not conjoined …

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Elicitation

Elicitation is the act of obtaining language data from another person.

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Elicitation Frame

An elicitation frame is a fixed environment that is used for discovering or testing particular words.

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Elision

Elision is the omission of sounds, syllables, or words in spoken or written discourse .

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Elliptical Construction

An elliptical construction is a construction that lacks an element that is recoverable or inferable from the context.

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Embedded Repair

An embedded repair is an other-initiated repair that is performed by the addressee of the questioned utterance by the substitution of the repairing item in …

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Empathetic Deixis

Empathetic deixis is the metaphorical use of deictic forms to indicate emotional or other psychological “distance” or “proximity” between a speaker and a …

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Emphasis Marker

An emphasis marker is a word or affix that expresses a speaker 's stress upon the predicate of a sentence.

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Emphatic Additive Relation

An emphatic additive relation is an additive relation in which the cumulative nature of the propositions in the relation is emphasized.

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Emphatic Alternative Relation

An emphatic alternative relation is an alternative relation in which the existence of different possibilities is stressed.

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Emphatic Pronoun

An emphatic pronoun is a personal pronoun that is used to emphasize its referent .

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Enablement Relation

An enablement relation is an interpropositional relation in which a proposition(s) supports a speaker 's directive by improving the addressee’s ability to …

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Enablement Schema

An enablement schema is a force schema that involves having: the physical or metaphorical power to perform some act a potential force and the absence of …

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Enclitic

An enclitic is a clitic that is phonologically joined at the end of a preceding word to form a single unit.

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End-Of-Path Schema

An end-of-path schema is an image schema in which a location is understood as the termination of a prescribed path.

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Endocentric Construction

An endocentric construction is a construction that contains: a head, which is the single obligatory element in the construction (except in coordinate …

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Endophora

Endophora is coreference of an expression with another expression either before it or after it. One expression provides the information necessary to …

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Entity Metaphor

An entity metaphor is an ontological metaphor in which an abstraction is represented as a concrete physical object.

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Environment

An environment is all the parts of an utterance that directly surround a given sound.

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Epistemic Modality

Epistemic modality is a modality that connotes how much certainty or evidence a speaker has for the proposition expressed by his or her utterance .

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Epistemic Qualification

An epistemic qualification is a signal of the degree of certainty the speaker has for the proposition expressed by his or her utterance .

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Equative Case

Equative case is a case that expresses likeness or identity to the referent of the noun it marks. It can have meaning, such as: as like in the capacity of

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Equative Clause

An equative clause is a clause which describes a feature of its subject . It contains a subject complement and, typically, a copula .

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Equilibrium Schema

An equilibrium schema is a balance schema that involves physical or metaphorical external and internal pressure on container-like objects.

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Equivalent

An equivalent is a term of social deixis that expresses equality of status.

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Ergative Case

Ergative case is the case of nouns in ergative-absolutive languages that would generally be the subjects of transitive verbs in the translation equivalents …

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Essive Case

Essive case is a case that expresses the temporary state of the referent specified by a noun . The case has the meaning of: while in the capacity of

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Etymology

Etymology is the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words.

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Euphemism

A euphemism is a metaphorical or metonymic use of an expression in place of another expression that is disagreeable or offensive.

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Evaluation Information

Evaluation information is a movable non-event within a discourse that consists of a speaker's feeling toward an event or a state of affairs. It may have …

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Evaluation Relation

An evaluation relation is an interpropositional relation in which a proposition(s) expresses the speaker’s value judgment regarding the factuality or …

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Event

An event is a kind of information in discourse that: actually occurs, is overt occurs at the now point on the time line

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Evidence Relation

An evidence relation is a logical relation in which a proposition(s) are intended to increase the addressee 's assurance of another proposition(s).

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Evidentiality

Evidentiality is a linguistic category whose primary meaning is information source. In a number of languages evidential meanings are expressed through …

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Evoked Entity

An evoked entity is a referent which is given information due: to previous mention in the text to the prominence of the referent in the extralinguistic …

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Exclamation

Here are two senses for exclamation: An exclamation, broadly defined, is any utterance made with strong emotion. An exclamation, narrowly defined, is a …

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Exclamative

An exclamative is a word or phrase which marks an exclamation .

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Exclusive Alternative Relation

An exclusive alternative relation is an alternative relation in which only one of the propositions or groups of propositions can be true or fulfilled.

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Exclusive First Person Deixis

Exclusive first person deixis is deixis that refers to a group not including the addressee(s) .

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Exemplification Relation

An exemplification relation is a specification relation in which a specification is achieved by providing an instance.

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Existential Clause

An existential clause is a clause, having a distinctive grammatical structure, which expresses the real or imagined existence of an entity.

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Existential Marker

An existential marker is a word, found in a distinct clause type, which marks a referent's existence.

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Exocentric Construction

An exocentric construction is a construction that does not contain any head element that is capable of being a syntactically adequate substitution for the …

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Exophora

Exophora is reference of an expression directly to an extralinguistic referent. The referent does not require another expression for its interpretation.

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Experiencer As A Semantic Role

Experiencer is the semantic role of an entity (or referent) which receives accepts experiences, or undergoes the effect of an action.

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Experiential Perfect Aspect

Experiential perfect aspect is a grammaticalization of the current relevance, at the moment of utterance, of an event or state that occurred prior to the …

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Exposed Repair

Exposed repair is an other-initiated repair that is not handled covertly as an embedded repair.

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Expository Discourse

Expository discourse is a discourse that explains or describes a topic. It does not primarily present contingent events or focus on a performer of actions, …

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Expository Text

Expository text is a text which explains something.

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Expressive Illocutionary Point

An expressive illocutionary point is an illocutionary point which communicates an attitude or emotion about the state of affairs described in the …

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Extendedness

Extendedness is a type of place deixis in which the presence or absence of a component of meaning indicates that a location has length or area.

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Extension

Extension is place deixis that indicates that a location has length or area.

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External Relation

An external relation is an interpropositional relation which relates the situations described in the propositions by experiential, extralinguistic reality …

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External Relative Clause

An external relative clause is a relative clause whose head noun phrase is outside the relative clause.

Also known as External-headed relative clause
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Extraposition

Extrapostion is the process or result of moving an element from its normal place to a place at the end or near to the end of a sentence.

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